Computer science coursework Merit Essay Essay

Record shops, cinemas, radio stations, video rental stores and even libraries be losing customers to the global trend that is OIS (Online Information sharing the scoreicial MPAA and RIAA experimental condition for internet piracy). It once used to be a common sight to see small go into shops filled with teens picking their favourite artists new records from the well stacked shelves, paying at the desk, discussing melody with others and reservation new bring onies.It was not uncommon for pile to buy or rent VHS tapes or sit at home listening to the radio. Piracy of course was alive here, the market for pirate radio, pirate tapes and pirated videos was enormous, the difference mingled with then and today? Equipment. Nearly every person below 40 has a computer in MEDCs and to a fault has the k presentlyledge to share everything they want from their media collection with others.The most significant difference between the geezerhood of pirate radio and the days of institut ionwide networking is that you no longer need to know how it works to do it millions of parents mindlessly expose their young kids to P2P networks such as KaZaA and LimeWire which are full of adult content, viruses and include unsolved chat programs which might allow sexual predators access to their children. The graduation exercise consumer P2P (peer-to-peer) network of note (others such as MC2 , Direct Connect and TinyP2P had existed before but were not widely adopted by the average user) called Napster allowed but for the sharing of music files such as WAVE and .mp3 (leading to MPEG 3 becoming the most popular music format in years to come). This was the most organised piracy or the time among teenagers and young adults by means of and through the internet but had problems in terms of the danger that faced the user (being caught) in that the centralize temper of the service meant that the host not only listed the files bring shared by members but all of the files passed th rough it in an effort to prevent the proliferation of malicious programs.This was extremely bad news for the user as Napster now had the IP address of each and every user, an integral flaw which would come back to bite the telephoner and its user base later on before it could change its process and suppress the depict from its servers. Napster had finally made thievery music easy but was considered flawed by many in the IT community who wanted easier methods of sharing bundle, video and text files and a safer method of sharing music.Audiogalaxy was the first mainstream centralized P2P client that was capable (although not by design) of sharing any kind of file whatsoever, it get oned popularity after the fall of Napster and was the first time that the MPAA took note of file sharing software as connections became more(prenominal) capable of allowing degenerate d birthload of high quality video. Audiogalaxy only indexed *. mp3 files, the obvious way round this limitation was fo und right away by (for example) naming a *. exe piece of software from tree. exe to tree exe . mp3.This made AG extremely reclaimable for illegal distribution of both legally and illegally purchased data between users with experience in CGI and luck (CGI parameters had to be edited to share non mp3 files) but was not as popular as eDonkey2000 (another P2P later to exit known as eMule) program which did not have the security limitations of previous P2P clients as it was much scurrying to decentralize and allow open sharing and indexing. Especially in the case of Napster, facilitating thousands of minor crimes led to a series of lawsuits launched by musicians against the company (Metallica, Dr.Dre, Madonna) but received praise from other artists (Radiohead, Dispatch, Editors) for allowing distribution of singles prior to an albums release.Eventually a larger lawsuit was filed against the company which eventually subjected in failure after a lawsuit (which inadvertently increase d the services user numbers) filed by the RIAA resulting in Napster closing down their network and being blocked from selling the company without liquidating assets under Chapter 7 of the US Bankruptcy Act meaning that the company was forced to close.The name was later sold to Swedish pornography company PMG who run it as a paid for service using similar looking software. AudioGalaxy was also sued and shut down as its out of cost settlement rendered the service effectively profitless and resulted in the services user base abandoning it en masse as a result AG too, opened a pay service to distribute music.In efforts to decentralize and avoid federal official prosecution, forward-looking networks designed for file sharing are de-centralized, often encrypted and use proxies to disguise IP addresses, for these reasons modern networks make it much less likely for a user to be discovered and served with a court order or other legal reprimand. A de-centralized system does not have a s erver which holds the files but instead a server that indexes a list of all available files rather than storing them. most(prenominal) modern p2p systems also use (as mentioned previously) a process of encryption and proxy servers to make them untraceable.The servers often do not ask uploaders and downloaders of content to register accounts as they have previously done, this prevents user name linking a process that the CIA reportedly used wherein they would search a napster username through a series of websites trying to gain personal data on a pirate in order to find and prosecute them. other security feature of modern P2P communications communications protocols is the streaming swarm structure which works on a rarest first basis, splitting files into multiple parts and downloading these parts (to be reconstructed into a usable file on the leech (downloading) computer) rather than an actual file.As none of these individual parts is usable as the think finished product on its ow n Swedish law allows the redistribution under its own piracy laws for this reason, the most prolific pirating groups are based in the country. One such group is the Swedish pirate political party called Piratbyran, the Piratbyran, (whose motto Pirate and Proud has itself caused problems for the group) this organised group has demanded that (along with the Pirates website piratgruppen.org) pirates be set fairly by the law of the world as they believe they have the right to appraise things and take root if they are worth purchasing before doing so. For this reason, Piratbyran have set up Kopimi, a copywright alternative (said copyme) which declares others right to use your work as they see fit (this being a more extreme version of many other previously concocted alternatives like creative commons which permit a user the right to use works for non commercial reasons of their choice) for anything at all.The group also used Bram Cohens bit torrent protocol and created the worlds large st tracker a website that indexes all of the files available through the protocol which is called ThePirateBay. com (a. k. a. TPB), this site is distributed in over 20 languages and is currently the most popular tracker for the most advanced, secure and effective protocol that is commercially available at this time.They are however in being to create their own protocol to remove their reliance in Bram Cohen (the creator) who has recently cut distribution deals with Hollywood celluloid studios and is believed to be considering taking the protocol commercial.Governments across the world are certainly taking note, shown in hundreds of adverts which have only proven toothless thus far. In the USA and the UK the governments have been running multiple adverts against piracy on legally purchased videodisk videos and Blu ray / High Definition DVDs which are fairly useless the advert assumes You wouldnt appropriate and lists a series of items before telling you piracy is a crime and sho wing w young missy getting up from her computer where she is downloading a film and walking out of the door.Most people tend to be offended at the fact that, after legally paying for something, they are forced to see to it an advert telling them not to steal. This string of adverts alone has caused a series of parody adverts which take off the script of the original You might steal a book and even inspired a film called Steal this movie.Of course there are also positive sides to the increase in stealing and sharing among internet users, the little guy for example is heard far more than the major executive, companies are embracing the freedom culture and popular bands are pre releasing their albums for free to gain fan support. Sharing is even curing cancer A largely adopted project (FoldingHome) launched by a US university is folding protein strings over a massive decentralized network in an effort to discover a cancer cure or prevention in lieu of the supercomputer they would no rmally require.Those passing records slightly in the early days probably never saw that coming when they connected their first networks lynchpin in the early 1980s, piracy (albeit not online) was rife amongst office workers and the computer competent, these early criminals would exchange software through floppy disk and share records between each other. As the 90s started and the first networks were being created at heart offices, the stealing only increased as files could be copied between computer terminals via cable rather than by hand.Now, with the age of the internet it is estimated that over 300 million of the worlds population routinely steal information and data over the internet with millions more borrowing DVDs and books from each other, whether or not these people are stealing more or less because of the internet is unquestionable, with our ability to access millions and millions of people we are able to share and steal far more than we previously could have done and t his only provides fillip to give and take more than we would normally have done in a spirit of world community that is evoked by groups that exist in this sphere such as piratgruppen and the piratbyran.